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| A Libertarian Overview...
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you could boil a good bit of Libertarianism down to this...
THE LIBERTARIAN PLEDGE: I hereby pledge that
I do not believe in nor advocate the initiation of force or fraud as a
means of achieving political or social goals, including initiation of
force by government or other institutions.
The legal code in a libertarian government would be pretty simple.There
would be only two crimes: Force, and Fraud.This is reflected in the
Libertarian Pledge:The only question is when, if ever, is it legal to use force to prevent force, or fraud. We explore these issues in the following two part essay.
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| PART ONE
The Two Commandments:
F-Words and the case for Liberty
Liberty's First Commandment: Thou Shalt Not Force. Liberty's Second Commandment: Thou Shalt not commit Fraud.
Over
several months leading up to the Libertarian National Convention in
Denver, there was a spirited debate about what should be in the
Libertarian Party platform between those who wanted to cover every
conceivable problem or position from a Libertarian perspective and
those who advocated for hitting the main themes and letting everything
else fall between the lines. I can certainly see both sides, for
different reasons. But at some point, if we are to succeed, whether it
is in our platform, our marketing materials or both, we have to be able
to boil down who we are and what we advocate in a very few words.
When
you think about, it isn't that difficult. You could call it the two
Libertarian Commandments. Leave it to Libertarians to take what started
as ten and boil them down to two. You could eliminate every law, every
regulation except these two.
Thou shalt not commit force against
your neighbor, your spouse, your child, your citizens, your enemies. In
fact what makes enemies? Isn't it usually at some point or at the root,
one party's desire to commit force against another, to coerce, to
compel, to require, to forbid, to regulate, to tax.
It
isn't that revolutionary to oppose force on an interpersonal level but
what about on a macro level. Have you ever considered the fact that the
greatest perpetrator of force, by far, in America is it's government,
against its people. Think about all the ways the government uses force
on its subjects. We are forced to drive a certain speed. We are forced
to turn over significant portions of our wealth to pay for things we
might or might not approve of. We are forced to limit our vices to an
approved list. We are forced to squander an obscene amount of our
resources to apply force to oppose vices not on the approved list,
which gives rise to violence as resistance to force, and to property
crimes as a means of taking wealth by force to pay for the inflated
price of vices against which force is exerted, even though it is all so
arbitrary. Why is marijuana less virtuous than alcohol? Why is
addiction to hard liquor more virtuous than addiction to hard drugs?
And
what about regulations? What are regulations but force? Regulations
control choice. Involuntary control of one person or group by another
person or group is force, plain and simple. They control and limit ways people can earn a living, acquire services, obtain health care. Force is the opposite of that other F-word, freedom. It is the enemy of freedom. It is the polar opposite of faith.
If
force were eliminated, regardless of who is exerting force or whom is
its victim, would there be any reason for enmity remaining? Would there
be anything left to fight over? Would there be any need for police forces,
armies, courts? If even the government could not use force to compel
that which could not be voluntarily elicited, what would be left to
resist? And if there is no force and no resistance of force, what else
would remain except peace and prosperity? With one exception. The other F-word.
Thou shalt not commit fraud
against your neighbor, your spouse, your child, your citizens, your
enemies. Fraud could be defined as aggression by deception. In a sense
it could also be classified as force. It is manipulation. It is a means
of controlling someone else, causing them to transfer wealth or power
or privilege or something-- anything of value, to someone else, not by
physical violence or force but by deceit. (This is the true issue in
the current financial crisis. It is not the lack of regulation. It is
the perpetration of fraud by people and companies with fiduciary
responsibilities.) But when you think of it, any attempt to
control or manipulate, to compel, is force whether by brute strength or
false pretenses. In that sense we have boiled our two commandments down
to one. Thou shalt not commit force.
Liberty is the absence of force. It
is complete autonomy and sovereignty of each individual, entity,
society, to seek voluntarily and in common cause with others, the
personal best and the greater good. Any economy is prosperous directly
proportionate to the quantity and quality of its liberty. When people
and peoples are free to maximize imagination, invention, and
cooperative enterprise to solve problems and create wealth, there is
peace, there is prosperity, and there is moral victory. When left to
themselves markets create fair prices, efficient systems, enhanced
quality of life. If you think about it, what motivation would there be
to interfere with and limit commerce and creativity except to protect
the advantage enjoyed by some at the expense of others? The government
may say it regulates to protect its citizens but that is the greatest
fraud. Protect us from what? Our own good sense? Who knows better than
individual citizens what is best for them? Any attempt to thwart
individual choice is force, by regulation and legislation, or fraud by
distortion of options, risks and rewards. Force, fraud. Fraud, force.
Apples. Apples.
In a real sense fraud is the worst kind of force because it is sinister, covert. The greatest fraud ever perpetrated is "I'm the government and I'm here to help."
-go to part two, above right-
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Fighting Fire with Fire: Considering Force
Fraud? Force? Newsflash: It's All Force.
But how to defend and deter?
The
age old problem. It's easy to be peaceful unless you are attacked.It's
easy to mind your own business until someone else starts minding yours.
The
use of force when necessary for self-defense is a cherished Libertarian
position, but more than that, a core American value. As much as
Libertarians value peace and oppose the use of force as initiators,
whether on the micro or macro level, even the International level, we
also value safety, security, autonomy and sovereignity. An attack or
threatened attack on any of these is an attack on Liberty and must be
defended, with the least necessary means, but with force when
necessary. But who do we trust to use such force on our behalf?
If
one can summarize all government excess as force (see part one, above)
is government ever to be trusted to protect us from the force of
others, whether domestic or foreign, or especially from itself? The
answer is potentially simple. It is yes. In a society in which the
Constitution is truly the first and last word defining and limiting
governmental power, it is theoretically possible that a government
committed to abiding by and upholding the Constitution could be trusted
to provide police services that would truly protect and serve and never
abuse. It is equally reasonable to suggest that police services could
be provided by the private sector with even less likelihood of abuse.
It could be argued that privatizing police operations would provide a
valuable firewall between the government and law enforcement. In that
case, it would be more difficult for government or corrupt government
officials to abuse police powers.
There is no reason why a
private company could not be licensed by a municipal government to act
on its behalf to provide police services in the same way private
companies are licensed to provide Cable Television or garbage
collection to municipalities now. If a private business were
responsible for protecting its customers (the public in general and
individual citizens, businesses, etc.) from force or fraud (and in part
one we established that all "crime" could be summarized as force or
fraud and further that fraud is simply a more subtle form of force),
knowing that abuse of power, excessive use of force, corruption or
incompetence will result in being put out of business by a more
successful bidder when contracts expire, there would be a natural
free-market incentive to increase the efficiency of police operations
and to prevent abuses.
In Mary Ruwart's Libertarian: Short Answers to the Tough Questions (link to site),
she argues that (in loose paraphrase) although we are trained to be
ill-equipped to imagine anyone but government performing certain
functions, if we allow ourselves to imagine the possibilities outside
of the proverbial box it is more than conceivable that allowing the
free market to provide its checks and balances what have previously
been government monopolies, we may enjoy greater efficiency, less
abuse, less vulnerability to corruption, and greater accountability.
Once
we have stepped outside of that box it is easy to be even more
creative. Why, after all, must an entire municipality have only one
police force? Why couldn't there be competing police companies within
any market? People could choose which company they wish to protect
them. People could choose a level of protection from a menu of choices.
Some may want twenty-four hour on-site security, others may want hourly
drive-by's. Others may want personal protection to accompany them
wherever they go. Others may elect to limit their service to post-crime
investigation. Some may want a private equivalent of a 911 service,
coming only when called. Some may choose to act as their own "police"
by carrying a concealed weapon for self-defense and not pay for
anything.
Certainly there are some traditional police
functions that might require continuity or networking within a
jurisdiction or a group of jurisdictions. These functions could be
provided by other police companies that would provide coordination and
overlay services, or perhaps by a government umbrella agency. The only
limits are our imaginations.
Whole cities, council
districts, neighborhoods, streets or subdivisions may want to band
together to purchase basic police services. Businesses may want to band
together as Chambers of Commerce or associations by street, to provide
extra security for their business district in order gain a competitive
edge over another business district that might be perceived as higher
risk. Everyone, individually or collectively, could choose the provider
and the plan that suits them best and pay for it. (Remember, there
would be no property tax or sales tax so there would be funds available
to pay for services to protect property and person.) This might sound
chaotic and inefficient but markets are beautifully efficient. Free
markets have a way of creating efficiencies naturally that no monopoly
whether public or private can come close to.
More importantly,
market choices and decentralization of power are two important ways of
reducing the likelihood of corruption, and.. | |
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